<div class="SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Segoe UI Web', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 10.6667px 0px 5.33333px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: #0f4761;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 31.3875px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none">What is IP Location?</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 31.3875px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134245418":true,"134245529":true,"335559738":160,"335559739":80}"> </span>

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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun Underlined SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; color: #467886; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration-line: underline; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink">IP location</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">, also known as </span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">geolocation</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">, is the process of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">determining</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> the geographical position of a device connected to the internet based on its </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">IP address</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">It's</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> the digital equivalent of finding a physical address, but instead of street names and postal codes, it uses an IP address as the primary identifier. While an IP address itself </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">doesn't</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> directly </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">contain</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> latitude and longitude coordinates, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">IP location</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> services use various data points to create a reasonably </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">accurate</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> estimate of where a device is </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">located</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">Think of an IP address as a unique identifier assigned to your device on a network. The internet uses these addresses to route data to the correct destination. The </span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">IP location</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> process </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">leverages</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> the hierarchical nature of how IP addresses are assigned and distributed across the globe to pinpoint a user's general whereabouts. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">It's</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> not a GPS, so it </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">can't</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> tell you the exact building or room a person is in, but </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">it's</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">very effective</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> at </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">identifying</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> the city, region, and country.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 19.9333px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: #0f4761;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 31.3875px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none">How IP Location Works</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 31.3875px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"134245418":true,"134245529":true,"335559738":299,"335559739":299}"> </span>

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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">The process of </span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">IP location</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"> relies on a series of interconnected databases and a fundamental understanding of how internet infrastructure is structured. The core of this system is the Internet Service Provider (ISP).</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 18.7333px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: #0f4761;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 25.575px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none">The Role of ISPs and Regional Registries</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 25.575px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"134245418":true,"134245529":true,"335559738":281,"335559739":281}"> </span>

</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">When an ISP is assigned a block of IP addresses, it registers that block with a Regional Internet Registry (RIR). There are five RIRs globally:</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">ARIN</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"> (American Registry for Internet Numbers): Serves North America and parts of the Caribbean.</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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<div class="ListContainerWrapper SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative;">
<ul class="BulletListStyle1 SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; cursor: text; font-family: verdana; overflow: visible;">
<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="2" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">RIPE NCC</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> (R&eacute;seaux IP </span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;">Europ&eacute;ens</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> Network Coordination Centre): Serves Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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<div class="ListContainerWrapper SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative;">
<ul class="BulletListStyle1 SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; cursor: text; font-family: verdana; overflow: visible;">
<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="3" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">APNIC</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"> (Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre): Serves the Asia-Pacific region.</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

</li>
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</div>
<div class="ListContainerWrapper SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative;">
<ul class="BulletListStyle1 SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; cursor: text; font-family: verdana; overflow: visible;">
<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="4" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">LACNIC</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"> (Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre): Serves Latin America and the Caribbean.</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

</li>
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</div>
<div class="ListContainerWrapper SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative;">
<ul class="BulletListStyle1 SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; cursor: text; font-family: verdana; overflow: visible;">
<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="1" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":1,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="5" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">AFRINIC</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"> (African Network Information Centre): Serves the African continent.</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

</li>
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</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">These RIRs maintain public databases that link blocks of IP addresses to the ISP or organization they were assigned to. This information includes the country where the block is registered. This </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">initial</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> step provides the foundational data for a country-level </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">IP location</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">.</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 18.7333px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: #0f4761;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 25.575px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-variant-ligatures: none !important;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none">Building the Database</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 25.575px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"134245418":true,"134245529":true,"335559738":281,"335559739":281}"> </span>

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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr;">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">To get more granular than just the country, </span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">IP Location </span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">services and companies build massive databases by collecting and correlating </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">additional</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> information. They use a variety of methods to refine the location data:</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":240,"335559739":240,"335559740":279}"> </span>

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<div class="ListContainerWrapper SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative;">
<ol class="NumberListStyle1 SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; cursor: text; overflow: visible;" start="1">
<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="%1." data-font="Aptos" data-listid="2" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":0,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769242":[65533,0],"469777803":"left","469777804":"%1.","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;">Whois</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> Data:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"> The public </span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 22.0875px; font-family: Consolas, Consolas_EmbeddedFont, Consolas_MSFontService, monospace;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; background-position: 0px 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;">whois</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> databases </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">maintained</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> by RIRs provide a wealth of information about IP address ownership, including the name of the organization and contact details, which often point to a specific geographic location.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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</div>
<div class="ListContainerWrapper SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative;">
<ol class="NumberListStyle1 SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; cursor: text; overflow: visible;" start="2">
<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="%1." data-font="Aptos" data-listid="2" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":0,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769242":[65533,0],"469777803":"left","469777804":"%1.","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="2" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">DNS Records:</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> The Domain Name System (DNS) is like the internet's phone book, translating domain names into IP addresses. DNS records can sometimes </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">contain</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> location information.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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<div class="ListContainerWrapper SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative;">
<ol class="NumberListStyle1 SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; cursor: text; overflow: visible;" start="3">
<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="%1." data-font="Aptos" data-listid="2" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":0,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769242":[65533,0],"469777803":"left","469777804":"%1.","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="3" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">Third-Party Data:</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"> Many </span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">IP location</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> providers </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">purchase</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> or license data from other sources. These can include Wi-Fi hotspot databases (like those used by Google and Apple for their location services), GPS data from apps, and data from cell tower locations.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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<div class="ListContainerWrapper SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; position: relative;">
<ol class="NumberListStyle1 SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; cursor: text; overflow: visible;" start="4">
<li class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" data-leveltext="%1." data-font="Aptos" data-listid="2" data-list-defn-props="{"335552541":0,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769242":[65533,0],"469777803":"left","469777804":"%1.","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}" data-aria-posinset="4" data-aria-level="1">
<p class="Paragraph SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: baseline; font-kerning: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext;"><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">Geolocation Tagging:</span><span class="TextRun SCXW118487850 BCX0" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"> Some organizations tag their IP addresses with specific geographic coordinates, which can be scraped and used to build more precise databases.</span><span class="EOP SCXW118487850 BCX0" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20.925px; font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, sans-serif;" data-ccp-props="{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"335559738":240,"335559739":240}"> </span>

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Thanks for putting this together! I feel like I&rsquo;ve gained a lot more confidence in this subject after reading your article. Digital Growth Hub